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Exploring the Applications and Challenges of Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. NLP has gained a lot of traction in recent years due to the rise of chatbots, virtual assistants, and voice-enabled devices. In this post, we'll explore NLP in more detail and its applications. What is NLP? NLP is a branch of AI that deals with the processing and analysis of natural language, such as speech or text. It involves the use of algorithms to enable computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP is an interdisciplinary field that draws on computer science, linguistics, and cognitive psychology. Applications of NLP Chatbots and Virtual Assistants One of the most common applications of NLP is in chatbots and virtual assistants. NLP algorithms enable these systems to understand and interpret human language and respond appropriately. This technology is being used in customer service, healthcare, and e-comme...
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Soft Robotic Cathter



The mission of the project 


To develop a catheter for assisting the neurologic operation of Ventriculostomy with the following two specific aims: 

  1. To demonstrate a soft robotic that offers a smaller turning radius with localized bending than traditional catheters.
  2. To mitigate blockages in the working channel of the catheter from environmental debris.

Soft Robotics is an emerging field with applications varying from human prosthetics to Robotic arm grippers in this project we fabricate a catheter for the purpose of external ventriculostomy procedure

Material Used

Dragon Skin 30 is a hyperelastic material being used to mitigate blockage and to easily drain out the excess fluid from the third ventricle and provide maneuverability during the process  

A hyper-elastic material has elongation varying from 364% to 1000% depending on the shore hardness


Dragon Skin has Shore Hardness of 30-A which is more than a brain with an elongation of 364%  
It consists of two parts part A and part B. The mixing ratio of both these parts is 1A:1B by weight or volume 

The Fig above shows part A and part B of Dragon Skin 30-A with an ease release which is recommended to use for in the de-molding process
 

The mixture obtained by stirring part A and part B of Dragon Skin 30 is a viscous one with bubbles in it, to eliminate bubbles from the mixture we used a vacuum degasser while maintaining a pressure of 1 Bar until all bubbles escaped from it. The figure attached below is the vacuum glove box that we used for this process in our NED University   




                                Some videos related to the molding process are attached below





Design of the catheter

 
The design of the catheter was a very crucial stage in our project we go through several research papers on soft robotics to find a design that shows less inflation with higher bending we come up with a semi-circular design for our air channel for that, we also simulate our catheter using ABAQUS software with semi-circular air channels which gives the same results of what I discussed earlier

Our second aim of the design was to achieve a localized bending with 2-d motion, to be able to achieve localized bending we designed a catheter with two air channels of tip bending on either side and two air channels of body bending in this way we achieved a localized bending which will assist doctors for maneuverability of the catheter and to easily reach to the third ventricles of the brain and drain out the excess cerebrospinal fluid

we also incorporate a woven fabric in the center of the catheter which gives more bending to a catheter at a low pressure

Catheter Final Design with tip and body bending on either side with woven fabric for more bending with lesser pressure



Simulation of the catheter in ABAQUS software



Mold Design:

Mold design was not an easy task for us it took three iterations to finalize our mold design with keeping in mind the feasibility of Design For Manufacturing (DFM). We were considering at first 3-d motion for our catheter for that we design our mold which was a modular one consisting of two modules the parts that will be obtained will be joined together in a mold bigger in the length than the two molds combine but due to the size constraint our available 3-d printers were unable to produce such parts at this smaller level 

Mold Lower Part 

Mold Upper Part 



Our Second approach for the mold design was to eliminate the complexness 












 

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